Hōʻike ʻoihana kofe i lawe ʻia e Kina

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka kofe i ʻelua ʻāpana e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana: kofe koke a me ka kofe hou. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kofe koke a me ka kofe i kāpī ʻia ma kahi o 60% o ka mākeke kofe Kina, a ʻo ke kofe i kāpī hou ʻia ma kahi o 40%. Ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ka moʻomeheu kofe a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pae o ka loaʻa kālā o nā kānaka, ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe i ke ola kiʻekiʻe a me ka nānā nui ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻono o ka kofe. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka nui o ka mākeke kofe hou, ka mea i hāpai i ka ʻai ʻana i nā pīni kofe kiʻekiʻe a me ke koi no ke kālepa lawe mai.
1. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka pī kofe honua
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ka piʻi kofe honua. Wahi a ka Food and Agriculture Organization o ka United Nations (FAO), e piʻi ana ka hana ʻana o ka pīni kofe honua i 10.891 miliona tons i 2022, kahi hoʻonui makahiki o 2.7%. Wahi a ka World Coffee Organization ICO, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hana kofe honua i ka manawa 2022-2023 e 0.1% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 168 miliona mau ʻeke, e like me 10.092 miliona tons; ua wānana ʻia e piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka hana kofe i ka manawa 2023-2024 e 5.8% a i 178 miliona mau ʻeke, e like me 10.68 miliona tons.
ʻO ka kofe kahi mea kanu ʻoluʻolu, a ʻo kāna wahi kanu honua e māhele nui ʻia ma Latin America, ʻApelika a me Asia Hikina Hema. Wahi a nā helu helu mai ka Food and Agriculture Organization o United Nations, ʻo ka huina o ka mahi kofe ma ka honua ma 2022 he 12.239 miliona mau ʻeka, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka makahiki he 3.2%. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano kofe honua i ka kofe Arabica a me ka kofe Robusta. Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻono ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano pīni kofe ʻelua a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā huahana like ʻole. Ma nā huaʻōlelo o ka hana, ma 2022-2023, ʻo ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka kofe Arabica he 9,4 miliona mau ʻeke (e pili ana i 5,64 miliona tons), kahi hoʻonui makahiki o 1,8%, helu ʻia no 56% o ka nui o ka hana kope; ʻO ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka kofe Robusta he 7.42 miliona mau ʻeke (e pili ana i 4.45 miliona tons), kahi emi o ka makahiki ma ka makahiki he 2%, ʻo ia ka 44% o ka nui o ka hana kope.
I ka makahiki 2022, aia he 16 mau ʻāina me ka hana ʻana i ka pī kofe ma mua o 100,000 tons, e helu ana no 91.9% o ka hana kofe honua. Ma waena o lākou, 7 mau ʻāina ma Latin America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico a me Nicaragua) no 47.14% o ka hana honua; ʻO 5 mau ʻāina ma Asia (Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Laos a me Kina) he 31.2% o ka hana kofe honua; ʻO 4 mau ʻāina ma ʻApelika (Ethiopia, Uganda, Central African Republic a me Guinea) he 13.5% o ka hana kofe honua.
2. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka pī kofe ma Kina
Wahi a ka United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka pīni kofe a Kina i ka makahiki 2022 he 109,000 tons, me ka 10 mau makahiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui ʻana o 1.2%, ʻo ia ka 1% o ka huina o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ka 15th ma ka honua. Wahi a ka World Coffee Organization ICO, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kanu kofe o Kina ma mua o 80,000 mau ʻeka, me ka hoʻopuka makahiki ma mua o 2.42 miliona mau ʻeke. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi hana nui ma ka ʻāina ʻo Yunnan, e helu ana ma kahi o 95% o ka huina makahiki o Kina. ʻO ke koena 5% mai Hainan, Fujian a me Sichuan.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, i ka makahiki 2022, hiki i ka wahi kanu kofe ma Yunnan i 1.3 miliona mu, a ʻo ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka pī kofe ma kahi o 110,000 tons. I ka makahiki 2021, he 31.67 biliona yuan ka waiwai hoʻopuka o ka ʻoihana kofe holoʻokoʻa ma Yunnan, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki ma ka makahiki he 1.7%, ʻo ia ka 2.64 biliona yuan ka waiwai o ka mahiʻai, ʻo 17.36 biliona yuan ka waiwai o ka hana, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai kūʻai nui a me ke kūʻai aku he 11.67 biliona yuan.
3. Kalepa honua a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka pī kofe
Wahi a ka wānana o ka Food and Agriculture Organization o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa (FAO), ʻo ka nui o ke kālepa kūʻai honua o nā pīni kofe ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma 2022 he 7.821 miliona tons, kahi hoʻemi o ka makahiki ma ka makahiki he 0.36%; a e like me ka wanana a ka World Coffee Organization (WCO), e hāʻule ana ka nui o ke kālepa kūʻai kūʻai aku o nā pīni kofe ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma 2023 i kahi o 7.7 miliona mau tona.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana aku, ʻo Brazil ka mea hoʻopuka nui loa o ka honua i nā pīni kofe ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Wahi a ka United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka makahiki 2022 he 2.132 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka 27.3% o ka nui o ke kālepa hoʻoili honua (e like me lalo); Ua helu ʻia ʻo Vietnam i ka lua me ka nui o ka lawe ʻana aku o 1.314 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka 16.8%; Aia ʻo Kolombia i ke kolu me ka nui o ka lawe ʻana aku o 630,000 tons, ʻo 8.1%. I ka makahiki 2022, ua lawe aku ʻo Kina i 45,000 tons o nā pīni kofe ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka helu 22nd ma waena o nā ʻāina a me nā wahi o ka honua. Wahi a nā helu ʻauhau Kina, ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Kina i 16,000 tons o nā pīni kofe i 2023, kahi emi o 62.2% mai 2022; Ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Kina i 23,000 tons o nā kofe kofe mai Ianuali a Iune 2024, he piʻi o 133.3% ma luna o ka manawa like ma 2023.